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A STATEMENT SHOWING WHAT IS NEEDED 
IN BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE 
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND 
POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INDUS- 
TRIAL ECONOMICS AT ‘THE 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. 


Urbana-Champaign, 1910 


MoLvEkollyY TRAINING FOR BUSINESS AND PUBLIC 
ADMINISTRATION, 


In the session of 1901 the Legislature of Illinois for the first 
time made an appropriation for the social and _ political sciences, 
including industrial economics and commerce. The purpose for 
which the appropriation was asked and given was the establishment 
of a School of Commerce, or courses of training for business life, 
in the University. The amount of money at first given, $6,000 per 
year, was wholly inadequate to do what was contemplated. The 
, University, however, kept faith and did the best it could with the 


4 
~ “money, by making a beginning of the courses of training in busi- 


-ness administration, since this was the primary purpose of the 


Beko, From time to time since then, the work of these 
®) courses, or the School of Commerce, as it is usually called, has 
—-been developed and added to as the Legislature has increased the 
_--appropriation. With the present appropriation of $25,000 a year 


oD! 
i 


some parts of the work are fairly taken care of, but others are not 


effectively equipped or manned and some things which should be 
done are not done at all. Accordingly, this brief statement of the 
situation has been prepared in order to set before all who are inter- 
ested, an outline of the field of work whose development is con- 
templated under the head of the Political and Social Sciences, in- 
cluding industrial economics and commerce, as originally stated. 


It is well known that the University of Illinois has been devel- 
oped on the principle of performing the largest possible service to 
the whole community. In the Colleges of Agriculture and Engineer- 
ing particularly, the University has not only furnished a scientific 
and practical training to students, but, at the same time, through 
the Agricultural and Engineering Experiment Stations, the Soil 
Survey, the Water Survey and the Geological Survey, has long 


cy been directly engaged in research investigations of immediate prac- 
=! tical value to the citizens of the State. 


L 


37436 


2 


It is of no less importance that the University should under- 
take in other fields what it is doing so successfully in Engineering 
and Agriculture. Especially in the broad field of social affairs, 
including commercial and business management and administration, 
there is great opportunity and need for a marked development in 
the way of practical education, scientific research and public ser- 
vice. 


It is hardly necessary now to argue that successful business 
management today requires a more careful general training in the 
principles of economics, business organization and technique, as well 
as specialized training in particular phases, like railway manage- 
ment, banking, accounting, insurance, etc., than has ever been neces- 
sary before. 


The value of special training as the foundation for success in 
the various branches of the public service has also been recognized 
and emphasized by those familiar with the problems of modern 
governmental administration. The enormous development of gov- 
ernmental functions,—national, state, and local—and their grow- 
ing complexity and technical character have greatly increased the 
demand for men of scientific training in public administration. The 
introduction of the merit system in many branches of the public 
service has also enlarged the opportunities for the trained expert 
and opened up permanent and honorable careers for ambitious and 
capable young men. 


Still further lines of specialized training are open in the field 
of sociology, to secure adequately equipped teachers, investigators 
and practical social workers in both public and private institutions 
of a charitable, reformatory and humanitarian character. Such 
forms of social service have also become distinctly specialized pro- 
fessions, and call for a large degree of expert and scientific edu- 
cation. 


These needs of the state and its inhabitants give to the Univer- 
sity an opportunity, and indeed make it a duty, to provide the 
facilities for acquiring the necessary training. It is coming to be 
recognized that it is an essential function of a comprehensive system 
of higher education to furnish, not only an education of general 
culture, and in the older professions, such as law and medicine, but 
also to offer equal opportunities for training in all the important 


3 


branches of business life, for the public service of the state, and 
for other branches of social activity. 


In order effectively to carry on this work of education it is 
further necessary for the University to undertake the scientific 
investigation of the numerous and complicated problems connected 
with modern business, political and social life. It is only by this 
means that University instruction can be based on a thorough knowl- 
edge of the conditions, and be adapted to the conditions which its 
graduates will have to meet. Moreover, such work of scientific in- 
vestigation and research is not merely of importance for purposes 
of instruction, but also opens a wider field of service whereby the 
University can and should become of large assistance in solving the 
difficult problems which are constantly arising in the industrial, 
social and political world. 


The University now should push forward and do more in the 
way of building up its work of Public and Business Administration 
and in rendering direct services in public matters such as the Engi- 
neering and Agricultural Experiment Stations and the scientific 
bureaus do in more technical and scientific matters. It should 


1. Strengthen the present courses for business and enlarge: 
the field. 


2. Provide courses of training for the public service and social: 
work. 


3. Undertake the scientific study of social problems both as a 
basis for the work of instruction and also for scientific dis- 
covery and for the practical usefulness of such study in 
municipal and state administration. 


It ought to have the means of providing in these lines not only 
adequate University instruction, but also, facilities for research, col- 
lection of material and publication. A brief outline of what should 
be ‘done to put our academic university work in good condition is 
here given. 


4 
EDUCATIONAL WORK 


1. The Courses of Training for Business Administration. 

At present these include a course of training for a general mercan- 
tile life and courses in banking, insurance, accounting, journalism, 
railway administration and the consular service. While the Univer- 
sity 1s doing the best it can with the means provided, no one of 
these courses is as strong as it should be. There is not a sufficiently 
iarge staff to do all the work that should be done, and the equip- 
ment in all lines is inadequate. We need a larger staff to offer more 
work in 

accounting 

insurance 

general economics 

statistics 

commercial law 

foreign tariff and other administration 

business methods of foreign countries 

foreign, especially oriental, languages 

railway transportation and 

journalism. 
We are wholly unable at present to offer such practical work in 
journalism as should be offered, and our condition for teaching 
accountancy, insurance, statistics and finance is far from what it 
should be. 


2. Political Science and History. In political science and 
history the scope of our work at present is far narrower than what 
should. be done in a State University. We need to strengthen the 
work in 

public law 

the theory and practice of public administration 
colonial government and administration 

local, state and comparative government 

American history 

oriental history and : 
other fields. 


3. Sociology. In sociology also we need to enlarge the 
scope of the work offered in practical lines, so as to include a study 
of defective and dependent classes, criminology, penology, immigra- 
tion and such subjects. 


5 


4. Journalism. The University of Illinois is far behind some 
other institutions in the work offered in journalism. We offer no 
courses at all on the business side of journalistic work—newspaper 
and magazine management. We offer a few courses on the literary 
side. We have no model school and our students have no means of 
practice. To do the work properly, we need to expand our courses 
so as to include a course in the theory and practice of advertising, 
one in newspaper business methods (publishing and advertising 
business, newspaper accounting, distribution, etc.), practice or lab- 
oratory courses in the details of printing a daily paper, one in the 


history of journalism and one in the laws relating to copyright, 
libel, etc. 


On the side of equipment, to do the work in journalism proper- 
ly, we need a fully equipped editorial and reportorial office and 
library, and a printing plant capable of issuing a daily four-page 
paper of standard size. In this connection it should be noted that 
the Illinois Daily Newspaper Association, at its session Oct. 19, 
1909, passed a resolution putting itself on record favoring the de 
velopment of the courses in journalism and the purchase of an ade: 
quate equipment for that purpose at the State University. 


POLLIICAL AND “SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 


All the departments of the social sciences can, from their char- 
acter, be of considerable service to the public and some of them to 
private business, if they are furnished adequate facilities. The Uni- 
versity should have in these lines a staff of expert advisers similar 
to those in its experiment stations. As illustrating the character of 
these there would be, for example :— 


1. In Economics. Work in industrial research both for pub- 
lic and private purposes. The department should be at the service 
of the State bureaus and departments for such help as they may 
want in their work. It should organize and prepare reports for 
them on industry and business in Illinois and furnish information 
on phases of industrial life, on business organization, commercial 
_and similar matters, to individuals, organizations and public author- 
ities who need it. Much could be done to aid industrial and com 
mercial éstablishments in Illinois by furnishing proper information 
of the state of particular industries at special times. 


0 


2. In Public Administration. A legislative reference bureau, 
to collect and arrange information concerning legislation and admin- 
istration in this and other states and countries with particular ref- 
erence to matters of interest to the people of Illinois. This bureau 
should be at the call of the state legislature, its committees and offi- 
cers, and aid them in every way possible. To do so the chief 
officer of the bureau would be expected to take up his quarters at 
Springfield during the legislative session. At other times his work 
should be in connection with the political science department at the 
University. For such a bureau connected with the University 
would have important advantages in the use of University re- 
sources, especially the library equipment, the staff of professional 
experts in law, political science, economics, sociology, engineering 
and agriculture. A close relationship with the University would 
make it possible to organize the bureau systematically and effectively 
and keep it entirely non-partisan. 


The work of such a bureau would include the collection of 
material such as statutes, judicial decisions, official reports and 
other printed material bearing on public administration and pro- 
posed legislation. Such a bureau would index and catalog all this 
material, as well as legislative bills, keep a record of legislation in 
all the states and issue bibliographical bulletins concerning the 
same. As in several other states at present, it would aid in bill 
drafting and secure information for legislative committees and off- 
cers. There should also be a municipal reference bureau in connec- 
tion with the department of political science. Briefly described this 
would do for municipal governments, officers, committees, and oth- 
ers, what the legislative reference bureau would do for the state 
government. 


3. In Sociology. In connection with the department of 
sociology there should be similar means of research with a view to 
collecting and furnishing information on various social activities 
for state boards and officers. Much helpful information could be 
furnished concerning the defective classes, the distribution of pop- 
ulation, illiteracy, etc. Those in charge of such work would be at 
the call of the proper officers. 





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9 


THE BUILDING NEEDED 


It may help to give an adequate idea of the building and equip- 
ment needed to do the work outlined above as it should be done in 
a great State University, if we consider briefly what has been eons 
in some other institutions. a 


1. The Tuck School of Administration at Dartmouth College. 
This school is lodged in a building three stories high, the main 
portion being tooxso0 feet with an addition at the rear 6ox4o feet of 
the same height as the main building. The general appearance of 
the building is shown in Figure 1. 


2. The School of Commerce at Washington and Lee Univer- 
sity. This School of Commerce is the only university School of 
Commerce in the South with its own building, endowment and spe- 
cial library. The building is known as Newcomb Hall. Figure 2 
gives a general view with Newcomb Hall at the right. 


3. The Academy of Social and Political Sciences of Frank- 
furt a. M. This school covers more completely than any other 
the ground outlined in this circular. It is not only a School of 
Commerce giving excellent courses in business training, but also 
gives work in public law and on the practical side of sociological 
matters. The building, Figures 3 and 4, was dedicated in October, 
1906. It is named from a Frankfurt citizen by the name of Jtgel 
and was erected by his two sons. The building contains ten lec- 
ture rooms, the smallest of which accommodates 60 and the largest 
250 students, besides a large auditorium seating 600. In addition 
there are numerous offices, a library room accommodating 40,000 
volumes, besides smaller consultation and research rooms and _ nec- 
essary offices. Figures 3 and 4 present a front view and the arrange. 
ment of the ground story. The building is four stories high. 


4. The Commercial School at Berlin. The Commercial High 
School of Berlin, which is of University grade, was opened in Oc- 
tober, 1906. The building, a general view of which is shown in 
Figure 5, is about 138 feet long by 58 feet in greatest depth and three 
stories high. It is finely built and richly decorated. 

5. The Commercial High School at Cologne. This school, 
which also is of Universty rank, has far and away the finest build- 
ing equipment of any in the world. The exterior is shown in Fig- 
ure 6. Figure 7 gives the first floor plan and Figure 8 a vertical 


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13 


section of the building, The greatest length of the building is 
about 450 feet and its depth about 250. The total estimated cost 
of the building, which was probably exceeded, was 2,480,000 marks, 
or about $620,000. The number of students in attendance at this 
school in 1907 was 330. 


Other schools also have their own buildings. Among the more 
notable are the London School of Economics and Political Science, 
the Commercial Universities at Milan, Trieste, Antwerp, Brussels, 
Paris and Vienna. 


These illustrations give some idea of the needs of the Univer- 
sity of Illinois for a building to accommodate a School of Com- 
merce and its social and political sciences. We have nearly as 
many students as Cologne, taking the full four year course in Com- 
merce, and we have more than twice as many in the commerce 
courses alone if we include students who are taking partial work. 
In addition, is the large number of students not primarily enrolled 
in the commerce courses, but taking history, political science, soci- 
ology and economics as part of their general college course. With 
such a number of students a German state by this time would 
have provided a building at eet as fine and spacious as that of 
Cologne. 


After careful study of the problem for several months, those 
immediately in charge have prepared sketches which will show the 
amount of space really needed for the accommodation of the work 
which has been very briefly outlined in the preceding pages. No 
attempt has been made to sketch an exterior, for that is the business 
of the architect, nor is it the idea that the suggested floor plans 
here given are to be regarded as final. They are given for the sole 
purpose of showing the amount of space needed and a possible ar- 
rangement subject to modification after further study and approval 
by the proper authorities. The sketches were kindly brepaped by 
the supervising architect and his associate. 


Figure 9 shows a proposed first story plan of a building that 
would answer our purpose. Class and study, or seminary, rooms 
are arranged around a well lighted front and wings and a large 
lecture room projects from the rear center of the main part of the 
building. The right wing of this first story is intended for the 
courses in journalism and the basement corresponding to this should 
contain the necessary press and other material equipment. 


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The second story, Figure 10, is devoted to general study and 
lecture rooms and particularly to the work of accountancy. The 
whole left wing could well be given up to that work. 


The third story, Figure 11, is intended primarily for the re- 
search work of the various bureaus briefly described. In addition 
there are more class rooms and consultation or study rooms for 
the staff. 


The fourth story, Figure 12, might be devoted, as shown, to 
collections illustrating the practical phases of the various lines of 
work. Fhere would be an exhibit of materials connected with the 
public administration such as, for example, public health statistical 
charts, the maps of the tax block system of cities like New York. 
_ The commercial and industrial exhibit would include a commercial 
museum and a collection of statistical machines and apparatus like 
adding and billing machines used in the best equipped business. 
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MWA SI SUNEE DED TO*DOVALE. THIS WORK. 


To do the work properly there are needed: 


1. The present annual appropriation of $25,000 for the social 
and political sciences needs to be made at least $50,000 for the pur- 
pose of giving proper instruction in courses now established and 
that should be established. 


2. In addition at least $50,000 more should be appropriated in 
order to enable the departments to establish, so to speak, their 
experiment stations, to render the public services described above 
in connection with the legislative and municipal reference bureaus, 
etc. 


; 3. A careful estimate of the cost of such a building as would 

be needed according to the supervising architect shows that an appro- 
priation of about $325,000 would be necessary to erect and equip 
the building adequately. 








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